斗拱如何分類：

一、按拱所處的結構分類：

1、正心(xin)拱(gong)。凡(fan)是位于檐柱中(zhong)線(xian)上(shang)的拱(gong)，都叫"正心(xin)拱(gong)"。正心(xin)拱(gong)一面(mian)(mian)向外一面(mian)(mian)向里(li)。在拱(gong)的縱中(zhong)線(xian)上(shang)需加寬0.3－0.25斗口的槽(cao)口，用以(yi)安(an)放(fang)拱(gong)墊板(ban)(ban)。所以(yi)正心(xin)拱(gong)的厚度要(yao)比其(qi)它的拱(gong)多一個拱(gong)墊板(ban)(ban)的厚度。

2、單(dan)材拱(gong)。凡(fan)不在檐(yan)柱中心(xin)線(xian)上的(de)拱(gong)都(dou)叫"單(dan)材拱(gong)"。在檐(yan)柱中心(xin)線(xian)以外的(de)單(dan)材拱(gong)又叫"外拽拱(gong)"；在檐(yan)柱中心(xin)線(xian)以內的(de)單(dan)材拱(gong)又叫"里拽拱(gong)"。

二、按拱的長短尺寸分類：

1、瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最短，廂拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)次之，萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最長。這是清代的規(gui)定。瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常相疊并用，瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)下(xia)，萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)上(shang)，瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)托著(zhu)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。位于(yu)正心(xin)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置上(shang)的瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叫(jiao)做"正心(xin)瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"（宋代稱(cheng)泥道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)）；位于(yu)正心(xin)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置上(shang)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叫(jiao)做"正心(xin)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"。位于(yu)單(dan)材拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置上(shang)的瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，分別(bie)叫(jiao)做"單(dan)材瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"、"單(dan)材萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"。又可(ke)以分為"外(wai)拽(zhuai)(zhuai)瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"、"外(wai)拽(zhuai)(zhuai)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"和(he)(he)"里拽(zhuai)(zhuai)瓜(gua)(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"、"里拽(zhuai)(zhuai)萬(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"。

2、廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總是(shi)安(an)放在(zai)最上(shang)層(ceng)翹或昂兩端，外拽廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)托挑檐枋(fang)，里拽廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)托天花枋(fang)。在(zai)正心拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置不會出現廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，所(suo)以廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)沒有正心和單材(cai)之(zhi)別(bie)。瓜(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、萬(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)清代的名稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)宋代瓜(gua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"瓜(gua)子拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"，萬(wan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"慢拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"，廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"令拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)"。

三、拱的各部分名稱

在拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)中間(jian)部位(wei)有(you)與翹、昂或要頭相交的(de)(de)卯口。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)兩端(duan)有(you)承托升的(de)(de)分(fen)位(wei)。在升與卯口之間(jian)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)向下彎曲(qu)的(de)(de)位(wei)置叫做(zuo)"拱(gong)(gong)(gong)眼"。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)兩端(duan)下面(mian)曲(qu)卷(juan)處叫"彎拱(gong)(gong)(gong)"。彎拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)曲(qu)度在清代《營造(zao)法式》里(li)有(you)"瓜四(si)"、"萬三"、"廂五"的(de)(de)規定，使拱(gong)(gong)(gong)彎分(fen)成幾小段(duan)直線，以便制作。